The human shoulder is a marvel of bio-engineering. It is one of the few joints capable of 360° rotation in all axes. But like most human physiology, it is a compromise. The shoulder is made up of the juncture or three bones; the humerus (upper arm), the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The joint is a ball-and-socket joint which allows for the 360° rotation, but in order to have that mobility, the socket is very shallow. The ball-and-socket joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint is most frequently dislocated joint in the human body, because all it has for stability are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff group. They are deep muscles situated on, and anchored to the scapula. Shoulder movement depends on the coordinated movement of these, and other muscles, but the rotator cuff muscles are the ones that provide stability to the joint.  All-in-all, the shoulder assembly is made up of 3 bones, 4 joints, 30 muscles and tendons, and a fragile, fluid-filled sac called the bursa. The shoulder sacrifices strength and stability for mobility. So it’s little wonder that things don’t always work as planned.

Many things can cause shoulder pain, including injury, referred pain from the neck, herniated discs, pinched nerves, carpel tunnel syndrome, irritated diaphragm, and even a heart attack. But Shoulder pain at night is almost always caused by a rotator cuff problem. The rotator cuff muscle group is made up of the supraspinatus, infraspinatues, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles. They are all anchored on the scapula and attached to the humerus. Each one creates a different kind of movement of the arm.

The most common cause of shoulder pain at night is Rotator Cuff Tendinitis, also known as Impingement Syndrome. It is common in athletes who play sports that require overhead throwing and swinging motions such as baseball, football and tennis. The motions put an abnormal strain on the supraspinatus tendon, causing inflammation and pain. It is also common in adults over 45 years old, because the tendon thins with age and is more easily strained. The symptoms are shoulder pain, especially at night, that does not progress up the neck, or down the arm. The pain is aggravated by reaching overhead, lifting the arm up to the side, or reaching behind. The pain at night is often severe enough to interfere with sleep. Recovery consists of RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation), anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy. Night relief can sometimes be achieved by using pillows to support the shoulder and stabilize it during sleep.

Rotator cuff tears are rare in young adults due to the toughness of the rotator cuff tendons, but after age 60, the tendons wear down, and can be torn. This results in a partial, or complete loss of normal function of the affected arm.  Recovery is very slow. Mild tears are treated very similar to tendinitis, but severe tears may require surgery. The really bad news is that a lot of orthopedic surgeons reserve surgery for younger patients, severe tears that are diagnosed very early, or very active seniors who are in excellent shape.

Bursitis is an inflammation of the liquid-filled sac (bursa) that cushions the shoulder joint. The onset is usually very sudden, and even the slightest movement of the shoulder is excruciatingly painful. The smoking-gun for bursitis is sharp, localized tenderness when the tip of the shoulder is palpitated (pressed). Mild bursitis can be treated with anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy, but severe cases almost always require injections of steroids directly into the bursa. The good news is that recovery is complete in most cases.

Shoulder pain, especially at night, can be an indicator of a serious health issue. Anytime you suspect  you may have a medical problem, you should see a licensed Medical Practitioner as soon as possible.

The following is a summary of the most common causes of shoulder pain symptoms:

• Rotator Cuff Tears

As we grow older, we become more vulnerable to severe physical conditions such as tearing a rotator cuff muscle or tendon.  A tear can be either complete or partial. There are several parts in which a tear can occur. For example, where the tendon attaches to the bone, in the muscle belly, or in the tendon itself. A partial tear is easy to treat and responds well to exercises, medicines and cortisone injections. However, you may have to go through a surgery to treat a major tear.

• Rotator Cuff Tendonitis

This is the result of repetitive overuse activities. It does not discriminate between young and old. Mostly it is athletes, like volleyball players, baseball players and basketball players, who are prone to this problem. In addition, professionals such as painters, mechanics and electricians also face the risk. As we age, our tendons and muscles are at a higher risk of developing small tears. This will begin the inflammation process and pain. Symptoms may be experienced as a dull ache in the upper arm. You will not be comfortable lying on the shoulder. The symptoms worsen with time and the function becomes slower. X-Rays will turn out to be negative too. Exercises will be the ideal way to tackle such physical condition.

• Bursitis

There is a fluid filled sac between the bones and the muscles known as bursa. It avoids the muscle from rubbing on the frame of the bone. When there is an irritation in the bursa, it causes pain (usually extreme) in the upper arm and the shoulder. The symptoms are very close to tendonitis and a rotator cuff tear. However, it can respond well to injections, medicines, rest and most importantly exercise. Bursitis is a stubborn medical condition and takes longer to heal.

There are only a few of the many symptoms that cause shoulder pain. If you experience any of these symptoms then rest your arms for a few days along with treating it with anti-inflammatory medication. In severe cases, visit your doctor for further assistance.

The treatment of Shoulder Pain Symptoms arises as a primary goal of reduce it gradually, with the possibility of regaining mobility has been reduced.

A real relief and improvement of the disease, will only take a few weeks after starting treatment.

The exercises are to improve the loss of muscle tissue, stretching and mobilizing the area affected in the presence of a physiotherapist, and then with increasing knowledge about the year even on their own.

Pain spallaIl heat is a good treatment for the party because it contributes to vasodilatation of the blood vessels. The moist heat that is the best in this case, you can get with baths or compresses, or with mud and paraffin. The application of heat is also very useful when you physically exercise and would be better able to carry out physiotherapy exercises immersed in his bathtub if we have available.

The acceleration of the arrival of the results and the alleviation of Shoulder Pain Symptoms is possible through the use of laser therapy and physiotherapy ultrasioni be integrated.

Local injections of cortisone to help reduce pain in the early stages. In their place, at this stage or during the recurrence of symptoms of symptoms of pain in the shoulder, you can use anti-inflammatory drugs for oral or topical.

Currently testing: methods that local injection of specific substances able to “unlock” the membership in a short time

Complementary and alternative medicine: acupuncture and osteopathic maneuvers, when performed by experienced hands can certainly bring substantial economic benefits while minimizing the risk of side effects

Throughout the rehabilitation period sudden movements and efforts will be banned. You can not use the limb in rehabilitation to work, let alone to lift weights. Usually the initial phase and the so-called cold, does not produce immediate results and can discourage the patient with continued periods however, must continue treatment started in order not to lose the work already done to achieve a cure.

SYMPTOMS – Continuing pain that usually begins in the back above the waist and then spreads to the groin. Rapid rise in temperature, often above 39°C. To increase the urge to urinate, even when the bladder is empty. Turbid urine or blood. Nausea or vomiting important.

CONTACT THE DOCTOR IF – You have symptoms that make you think about a Kidney infection symptoms, which is a serious illness that requires immediate medical care. Do you have blood in the urine and this sign may indicate a kidney disease, a kidney, a cancer of the bladder or the kidney, cysts, or infection of the prostate (see under prostate problems). Consult your doctor without delay. Do you have pain or difficulty passing urine, and these may be signs of a sexually transmitted disease, vaginal problems, kidney stones, or bladder cancer or prostate cancer. Consult your doctor without delay.

Kidney infection symptoms occur when a germ is a bacterium usually enters the body and reaches the kidneys where it causes inflammation. The infection can be acute (occurs suddenly) or chronic (used regularly over a period of several years). Kidney infection symptoms are very serious. If untreated can lead to permanent kidney damage and lead to chronic kidney disease. The infection can spread into the bloodstream, causing septicemia. Anyone can develop a Kidney infection symptoms, but in pregnancy the risk is higher, partly because the fetus exerts pressure on the bladder makes it more difficult to completely empty (the stagnant urine in the bladder are potentially a breeding ground for growth bacteria).

BACTERIUM KILLER SYMPTOMS – (June 10, 2011) bean sprouts guilty? Germany remember that the symptoms of E Coli are the following loss of appetite, severe stomach cramps, watery diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea.

Continue the hunt for the culprit in Germany E Coli symptoms has infected thousands of people, killing 30 (29 in Germany). After the Spanish cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes and bean sprouts, the manager finally seems to have been identified in bean sprouts. Legitimate to ask at this point, if you will be the last in the list of suspects. To the readers, to better inform sull Escherichia Coli, recommend viewing the documentary film Food Inc., in which there are many interesting news on the E coli symptoms and its possible reasons for its spread.

Ekachai Sae Rangsit

What is nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis or)?

A generic term for a morbid picture characterized by severe renal impairment, the presence of edema (fluid collection in the tissues or in natural cavities) spread throughout the body (state anasarcotico) are localized, and can become visible, especially edema of the face, abdomen and legs. This situation is caused by the loss of large amounts of protein (proteinuria). In addition to proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia occur.

What are the causes of nephrosis?

The causes of nephrosis are numerous and not specific, often common to those of glomerulonephritis.

Who is more likely suffering from nephrosis?

Children aged between two and seven years.

It is a very common disease?

No, it is relatively rare.

What tests confirm the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

Biochemical tests and histological examination of kidney tissue (biopsy taken).

How is it treated?

In general, you must pay attention to diet and restrict the use of salt. As for specific therapies, depend on the original cause of nephrosis. In some cases, it makes use of cortisone and steroids, with encouraging results.

Why is it necessary to restrict the use of salt in the diet?

Because the retention of salt causes fluid retention, thus aggravating the preexisting edema.

In cases of nephrosis is also advisable to limit meat, eggs or other protein?

No.

What is the cure rate in cases of nephrosis?

In past years, almost half of children with nephrosis died, but now, with new methods of treatment, at least 75% healed.

Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a condition in which the kidneys are no longer able to work efficiently and leads to progressive loss of renal function. In the initial phase occurs without symptoms and this is often overlooked until the later stages. In Italy it is estimated that the percentage of people affected is between 6 and 11% of the population.

Who does it affect

Those particularly prone to develop kidney disease are people with “high blood pressure (hypertension) is not properly treated, diabetes, obese people and, more generally, adults over 60. Nor should we underestimate the familiarity (or the presence in the family of cases of kidney disease) and abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs.

How does it manifest

Chronic kidney disease is initially asymptomatic patient is fine as long as renal function falls below 25%. The IRC is developed, in fact, from chronic kidney disease who do not heal, which often are established without causing any disorder that damages the kidneys and gradually, usually over years.

There are, however, signs that should not be underestimated and that, particularly if their onset is sudden, may indicate an advanced renal disease: high blood pressure, extreme fatigue and weakness, loss of appetite, pallor, insomnia, loss of appetite , nausea and vomiting, swollen legs, ankles, face and hands.

What are the risk factors

Hypertension is a major risk factor and, if not treated properly, can also cause kidney disease. Other factors are diabetes, obesity, prolonged use of drugs without medical supervision (especially the abuse of anti-inflammatory), the existence of cases of overt renal disease in advanced age family.

How to prevent it

You can counter the onset of kidney disease through a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. It is important to ensure proper body hydration, avoid smoking and control of the main causes of the DSU (such as diabetes and hypertension).

It is then recommended to undergo some simple tests that can help to suspect the existence of a renal disease: control of blood pressure and blood glucose, urine tests and blood creatinine (serum creatinine).

What are the main consequences

The major consequences of chronic kidney disease renal failure are the aggravation of hypertension, uremia and anemia.

With the progression of renal failure, in fact, blood pressure tends to rise due to antithrombin production of substances that regulate and retention of water and salt, the kidneys are no longer capable of eliminating normally. Hypertension in turn aggravates the renal damage and cardiovascular causes injury.

In advanced stages, the impaired renal function due to the accumulation of nitrogenous substances in the blood and this can lead to uremia. When the amount of blood that is purified by creatinine (creatinine clearance) falls below 30 milliliters per minute can appear some symptoms: fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders, attention disorders, drowsiness, dizziness, and edema. In severe cases, dialysis is necessary to do otherwise uremia leads to death.

Anemia

Anemia is the consequence of chronic renal failure that most affects the quality of life of patients. It develops in the later stages of kidney disease due to decreased production of a hormone called eritropietina necessary to stimulate the maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Anemia causes so inadequate oxygenation of tissues and organs of the human body. The typical symptoms of anemia with CKD are weakness, easy fatigue, dizziness, fatigue, eye problems and muscle pain. The anemia of chronic kidney disease renal failure is a condition more manageable thanks to advances in medicine in recent years.

Glossary

Creatinine: a waste product resulting from muscle proteins, is mainly filtered by the kidneys and its blood level is used as an indication of renal

Dialysis: The process of artificial blood clearance from the waste (toxins) metabolism normally excreted in the urine. In the final stage of renal failure, the kidney can no longer perform its function and purifying the blood must be purified with artificial techniques (dialysis).

Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen to all tissues.

Erythropoietin: A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates production of red blood cells.

Hypertension: OR “high blood pressure,” is to increase the pressure with which the blood circulates in the arteries, above 130/80 millimeters of mercury. It ‘s a very common disorder that can cause kidney damage over time. High blood pressure can also be a consequence of renal failure itself.

Shoulder Pain Symptoms : the causes

The arrival of a trauma , an inflammation , or swelling , pain and manifest inability to move. And course should be traced to a precise diagnosis, especially if the symptoms persist for several days. But we see in detail what the causes are most often focusing on the shoulder itself ( here localized pain may also be a symptom of heart attack ): The most common diagnoses in patients with Shoulder Pain Symptoms are bursitis or tendinitis of the rotator cuff, followed by a tear of the same, for which the ‘surgical intervention often becomes inevitable. Then there is the so-called frozen shoulder , a condition called the frozen shoulder because it leads to an almost total inability to move. In this case, a physical therapy and stretching are essential. Very often even the calcific tendonitis is characterized by a deposit of calcium in the tendons (usually always the rotator cuff). Often also experience pain for a dislocation of the shoulder a dislocation, which may occur due to trauma or otherwise following a loosening of the joints. E, unfortunately, a common condition in children under three years. Finally, among the most common causes of Shoulder Pain Symptoms is common arthritis.

Shoulder Pain Symptoms : useful exercises

Depending on the circumstances of course the therapies are different: manual, pharmacological, surgical, etc.. But a good idea to be active in prevention exercises . Caution, however, the exercise should never be done in case of pain in the course: we need to stand aside for a while and then rely on exercises recommended by a specialist. In general it must be said that the muscles of the shoulders should be reinforced. But using too many weights in the gym can be wrong and cause unnecessary strain and thus inflammation. The simplest and most useful exercise is to stand up, in a comfortable position extending upward alternating arms, slowly, as if an invisible thread, do a single pull out from under the shoulder blade to the tip of your fingers. Same position, with feet slightly extended, raise your arms to shoulder height and begin to mark small circles clockwise and then the opposite: careful not to force on the back . Finally, take a towel and squeeze with your hands about 10 inches apart after bringing him behind his back, elbows bent and without arching your spine to push the object up. Remember, a good therapist will not only advise so many years, but also show you how to do it correctly!

Related articles:
Muscle aches: side effects of winter
Arthritis can be prevented with a light sports
Arthritis: an aid by stretching
Back pain, what exercises to prevent

Shoulder Pain Symptoms

And one of the most common causes of neck pain. An excessively prolonged muscle tension, even contratturale of cervical muscles causes inflammation of the muscle tissue itself myositis), a condition in itself very painful.
Among the most important causes of neck pain miotensiva (miotensiva and headache) include:
- Psycho-emotional stress (from continuous stress due to work, family, socio-economic, etc.)
- Postural stress (prolonged maintenance of an incongruous position)
- Physical trauma, such as the “whiplash”

Symptoms:

subcontinuous pain, oppressive, sometimes described as an over-weight on his shoulders frequent radiation at the base of the occipital bone (back and side area of ​​the scalp) until it flows into real headache (type Gravatar, predominantly posterior, but sometimes with radiation in the front seat), less frequent in the interscapular-spinal irradiation.

Diagnosis:

in most cases, you need a thorough physical examination and medical history (medical specialist visit)

Therapy:

- FKT : functional rehabilitation, interferential current, high voltage current (HVS), laser therapy, massage therapy
- inflammatory analgesics, anxiolytics, antidepressants (according to medical opinion)

Natural therapy:

- fitness (exercise intensely challenging but not carried out properly: stretching, free exercises, swimming, etc.)
- Relaxation techniques (autogenic training, yoga, etc.)
- Homeopathic medicines and antihomotoxic
- Acupuncture

ARTROSTICO NECK PAIN

It’s very least, by frequency and intensity of what the medical diagnosis (performed with superficiality or lack of competence) would have you believe, even when the report of a radiological investigation shows the unequivocal presence of osteo-articular alterations.

Symptoms:

- Articular more or less restricted (eg reduced freedom of movement in one or more directions)
- Pain when it is forced movement of the head beyond the narrow range allowed
- Feelings and rumors of “burst” is not related to pain in the neck

Diagnosis:

- X-ray of cervical spine

Therapy:

- Functional Rehabilitation (gymnastics assisted)
- FKT : physical therapy to facilitate the resolution of acute inflammatory phase

Natural therapy:

- fitness (physical exercises to be performed at home)

STIFF NECK myogenic

It ‘s a deviation of the cervical segment (rotation and / or forced inclination of the cervical spine), whose causes are:
- Viral Infections
- Distraction muscle
- Psychogenic (muscle spasm is an “involuntary and sustained” as a consequence of fighting psycho)

Symptoms:

pain and limitation, more or less important, the head movement (functional impairment)

Diagnosis:

physical examination and medical history information, including radiographic, More read info : Shoulder Pain Symptoms

Therapy:

- analgesics, anti-inflammatory
- A mild thermotherapy (application of heat, in various forms) is relaxing and soothing
- Muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs, according to the doctor’s opinion

SYNDROME ‘whiplash’

Are distortion-subluxation injuries (much more rarely dislocation and / or fracture) of the cervical spine resulting from rapid deceleration and / or accelerations experienced by the cervical spine: for example, from a frontal impact or just plugging in the car.
A position of head rotation at impact determines the characteristics of the lesion and generally increase the severity of the damage.

Symptoms:

- Neck pain of varying intensity, sometimes arising even after hours of injury or occasionally with an appreciable increase in pain in the days following
- Many can be symptoms of irritation of the cervical sympathetic nervous system, among which are: disorders of the ear (tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo or postural instability, etc..) And disorders of the eye (retrobulbar pain, blurred vision, etc.).
signs of irritation of one or more cervical nerve roots:
- Sixth cervical nerve: tingling and / or decreased sensitivity to the forearm and 1 finger (mainly), spontaneous pain in the shoulder and scapular region
- Seventh cervical nerve: tingling and / or decrease the sensitivity of the 2 nd and 3 rd finger, spontaneous pain in the posterior region of the upper arm and scapular
- Eighth cervical nerve: tingling and / or decrease the sensitivity of the 4 th and 5 th finger, spontaneous pain in the scapular region and the inner arm and forearm

Diagnosis:

- Physical examination (especially neurologic examination)
- Rx routine (possibly with special radiographic projections: oblique, flexion and extension, etc.).
- Electromyography (able to demonstrate a neurological impairment usually after three weeks of injury)
- Magnetic resonance imaging or CT

Therapy:

- Orthopedic immobilization collar (with different characteristics depending on the damage) to be worn as early as possible after the injury and for a period generally not exceeding 7-10 days
- analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants, sedative-anxiolytic drugs sometimes
After a few days after trauma, may be helpful
- FKT that, as required, can include mild forms of heat therapy, current analgesic, laser therapy, massage therapy to touch, cervical traction and physiotherapy functional assisted

SYNDROME SCAPULOHUMERAL COSTAL

Your pain is prevalent in the region between the scapula (usually the upper) and spinal cord.
Relatively common, is due to continued strength of the muscle groups that stabilize the scapula (rhomboids and levator scapulae muscle), inflammation and irritation of these myofascial structures in the vicinity of their insertion at the scapula itself.
It is often caused by a pronounced kyphosis (forward curvature of the column) by:
- Causes and workers (and prolonged awkward postures) and / or excessive fatigue
- Psycho-emotional (“curved attitude” of the subject depressed, prolonged muscle tension in anxious subjects)

Symptoms:

pain in the interscapular region-spine (upper or inner edge of the scapula), sometimes described as burning.

Diagnosis:

is primarily based physical examination and medical history of the subject

What is the Rotator cuff muscles ?

The Rotator cuff muscles is a group of four muscle-tendon units that fit on the head of the humerus (Fig. 1).

Together, these muscles allow greater freedom of movement at the shoulder, contributing also to give stability.

What is rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

The rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles injury occurs when one of the four tendons (Fig. 2, schematic image on the operative field and arthroscopic Rotator cuff muscles tear).

These breaks may vary greatly between them as to size and shape, but are basically in a hole in a tendon or in a posting by the insertion of the humerus bone. Just like many other orthopedic diseases, the mechanism can be detrimental to the most frequent type of trauma or repetitive.

-           Using repetitive
In these cases, the duplication of activities (sports or work es.attività) cause damage to the tendons of the Rotator cuff muscles. Over time the tendons are subject to wear and become thinner, ready for the break. Patients predisposed to this problem, often complain of continuous bursitis, before you meet a real tear of the Rotator cuff muscles.

-           Traumatic injuries
These injuries often occur due to a fall on his arm extended. This type of trauma, in fact, can result in a traumatic rupture of the tendon. This mechanism is much less frequent repetitive use, but often occurs in patients under 60 years of age.

Who is more prone to rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

The cuff tears can occur in both young and elderly patients, but is much more common among older people. Usually young people the cause is an acute injury, or continued use of the shoulder, such as may occur among sportsmen.
With aging, the muscles and tendons lose their elasticity and the headphones become more susceptible to breakage, so that often just a trivial movement.

How often do you experience tears of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

Not all of the massive cuff tears cause pain and disability. In fact, autopsy studies have demonstrated the presence of a lesion in 70% of people over 80 years and in 30% of those under age 70. Obviously, not all persons with signs of a break in the headphones complained symptoms.

What are the symptoms of a rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

The most common symptom is pain, difficult to find in a precise area, but rather described as a generalized discomfort that increases as a result of particular movements of the shoulder. The pain often radiates to the arm and elbow. Depending on the severity of tendon rupture, you can have some degree of functional impairment.
If the break is not complete or partial pain is the most important symptom, may be associated with a certain degree of loss of strength, but not the symptoms that the patient complains more often. Instead, in complete ruptures of the Rotator cuff muscles, the patient can not move the shoulder normally. The diagnosis is obtained after a valid physical examination, through which the doctor is able to isolate every muscle, testing the strength.

-           Decrease in force
Your doctor can assess the strength of the tendons of the Rotator cuff muscles. With special maneuvers, in fact, it is possible to isolate each muscle in order to locate the approximate break. The serious tendon ruptures can cause the patient to actively raise his hand above his head.

-           Inability to perform specific movements
Patients often complain of not being able to perform specific movements, such as combing hair, tying her bra, touching her back, or sleeping on the shoulder affected by the break.

How do you diagnose the rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

In case of doubt, failure, you have carried out X-rays of the shoulder, thanks to which the doctor can see the indirect signs of rupture of the cuff. With the X-rays, in fact, you can not directly assess the soft tissue structures of the body, such as tendons. The indirect signs are to narrowing of the subacromial space or the presence of osteophytes (bony outgrowths) acromion.
The most useful test for assessing the headset is undoubtedly the MRI, although it is not the only way to diagnose tendon rupture. All of the following test to allow diagnosis of rupture of the cuff

-           RMN
This diagnostic test is the most widely used and is useful because it can highlight both the breakages complete and partial (Fig. 3). MRI can also highlight the presence of bursitis and other diseases of the shoulder.

-           Arthrography
At one time this was considered the most widely used. Arthrography is to perform an X-ray of the shoulder after injecting a contrast medium in articulation. A cap intact, in fact, is able to contain the dye into the joint, while tears in allowing the escape of fluid from the joint cavity.

-           Ultrasound
Recent work has shown that the ultrasound, if performed by a very experienced operator is able to diagnose an injury just as the methods outlined above. Depending on the preferences of the physician, can also opt for this solution diagnostics.

What is the treatment of a rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles ?

Unfortunately, the cuff lesions do not heal well over time, tend to widen or, at best, stabilize, but not resolved. The good news is that it is not always necessary that the injury to heal the symptoms disappear. As previously mentioned, many people have a Rotator cuff muscles, without presenting painful symptoms. Therefore, in most cases the goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, not necessarily heal the injury.
For the reasons set out above, the initial treatment is usually conservative. In the case of traumatic injury in a young patient, however, the advice is to undergo surgery in order to prevent progress of the lesion.
Therefore, the first therapeutic measures consist in:

-           Physiotherapy
This is the most important therapeutic measure for the initial treatment of cuff tears. The strengthening of the muscles of the headset is extremely important to maintain normal function. A few sessions with a physiotherapist will allow us to learn some exercises to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse.

-           anti-inflammatory drugs
These drugs are very important to control the symptoms of rupture of the Rotator cuff muscles. For a short time you can take them regularly and then take them occasionally only to reappear in pain.

-           Injection with cortisone
Infiltration with corticosteroids may be useful in limiting the acute inflammatory process and allow the patient to begin physiotherapy. It is very important that the patient is undergoing a cycle of infiltration even if this benefit even after the first

All of these therapeutic measures are able to reduce pain and strengthen muscles peri-articular.

There are other treatments if the symptoms persist ?

These conservative therapeutic measures may not be effective in all patients. In principle, in the first instance you should always take a conservative treatment, especially in elderly patients or when the break is a long time. In young patients with acute traumatic rupture, however, must be considered from the beginning surgical treatment, recognizing that preventive measures do not give good results. Considering the possibility of surgery in those patients in whom conservative measures have not yielded the expected results.
There are several surgical options for the treatment of Rotator cuff muscles tears. The three most common procedures are:

-           Repair open
Before the advent of arthroscopy, all cuff tears were repaired directly visualizing the lesion by about 6-10 cm long skin incision. The advantage of this method is that you can perfectly see the lesion, but the incision is large, and the patient’s recovery may be longer and more painful.

-           Repair “mini-open”
This technique involves the use of arthroscopy is that running a small skin incision, which allows access to the tendon injury. With the arthroscope, the surgeon is able to inspect the joint and clean it from any necrotic tissue or osteophytes. The incision is about 3-4 cm long and patient recovery is a bit ‘more quickly than the method completely “open”

-           Arthroscopic repair
With this method, the repair is done through small incisions, through which are placed in a small shoulder camera and the tools needed for repair. The surgeon performs the surgical intervention and the actions displayed on a monitor inside the operating room. However, not all injuries can be treated with this method.
In principle the repair process “open” lasts one hour, the arthroscopic about 2 hours.

How long does recovery after surgery ?

This depends on several factors including the level of muscle tone present before surgery and the severity of the break. In order to protect the stitches torn tendon data, you will need a period of immobilization. After 1-2 weeks you can start the exercises of passive physiotherapy. After 4-6 weeks, however, can begin more complex exercises, such as lifting of the active arm. Only a few months after surgery, you can enhance physical therapy in an attempt to strengthen the muscles of the cuff. Full recovery is not achieved before 4-6 months.